Izgradnja kanala za recikliranje energetskih litij baterija ušla je u kritično razdoblje, visoki troškovi i slaba ekonomičnost postali su bolna točka u industriji
Dok industrija novih energetskih vozila napreduje i razvija se, pitanje recikliranja akumulatora također je postalo fokus industrije. Nakon nekoliko godina razvoja približava se razdoblje masovnog rashoda novih energetskih vozila. Ako se veliki broj umirovljenih baterija ne može pravilno reciklirati i iskoristiti, to će dovesti ne samo do rasipanja resursa, već i do problema poput onečišćenja okoliša.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Bolne točke industrije: visoka cijena, slaba ekonomičnost
Staž umirovljenja za nova energetska osobna vozila obično je 5 godina, a za osobna i gospodarska vozila 3 godine. Prije 2022. godine umirovljenim baterijama će dominirati litij-željezo-fosfatne baterije. Nakon 2022. broj umirovljenih ternarnih baterija bit će isti kao i litij-željezo-fosfatnih, te će ih postupno nadmašiti. Očekuje se da će teoretski kapacitet razgradnje energetskih baterija u 2018. biti 5,14 GWh, a izvor razgradnje uglavnom su novi energetski autobusi.
Novinar je saznao da su tvrtke koje su pokrenule povezane poslove uglavnom podijeljene u pet kategorija: tradicionalne tvrtke za recikliranje, nove tvrtke za recikliranje, tvornice baterija, tvrtke za baterijske materijale i proizvođače vozila.
Različite vrste poduzeća imaju različite prednosti i nedostatke. Na primjer, tradicionalne tvrtke za recikliranje imaju relativno prednosti u kanalima recikliranja, tehnologiji regeneracije materijala, tehnologiji drobljenja baterija i tehnologiji taljenja, ali zbog vlastitog nedostatka izvora napajanja baterija, i dalje trebaju surađivati s OEM-ima i tvornicama za otpad. Prednosti novih tvrtki za recikliranje uglavnom se ogledaju u tehnologijama drobljenja i rastavljanja baterija.
Trenutno metode obrade otpadnih baterija uglavnom uključuju pirometalurgijsku tehnologiju i hidrometaluršku tehnologiju. Wang Haibei, direktor Instituta za metalurška istraživanja i dizajn Peking Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group Co., Ltd., rekao je da je proces taljenja postojeće tehnologije vrlo kompliciran i težak.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Državne tvrtke udružuju snage u potrazi za probojom
Kao odgovor na gore navedene probleme, relevantna državna odjela izdala su niz industrijskih politika za usmjeravanje i reguliranje industrije recikliranja baterija.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Prema izvješćima, nakon što umirovljena baterija prođe ocjenu, može se izvesti kaskadna veza za korištenje kako bi se pomoglo sustavu za pohranu energije poboljšati ukupnu ekonomičnost i maksimizirati životni vijek litijevih baterija. Trenutno su mnoga poduzeća izvela demonstracijske projekte kaskadne uporabe.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
-Dubinska suradnja za poliranje industrijskog lanca
Podrazumijeva se da sustav recikliranja baterija uključuje mnoge dionike kao što su automobilske tvrtke, proizvođači baterija, tvrtke za recikliranje baterija, itd. Lanac je dug, a još uvijek postoje mnoge poteškoće u stvarnom procesu rada.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Izvještava se da su brojne tvrtke razmjestile recikliranje električnih baterija u ovom plavom oceanu:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
U siječnju 2018., China Tower Corporation i 16 tvrtki uključujući Sound Group potpisali su sporazum o strateškom partnerstvu za recikliranje novih energetskih baterija za vozila. China Tower Company koristit će bateriju koja je povučena iz čistog električnog autobusa, nakon testiranja, sortiranja i reorganizacije, za zamjenu olovne-kiselinske baterije za rezervnu energiju komunikacijske bazne stanice.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
