Dolazi period prilika za industriju recikliranja litij baterija
The first batch of new energy vehicle power batteries put into the market in my country will soon usher in a centralized scrapping period. According to data released by market research institutions, in 2016, the scrapped power battery in my country was about 12,000 tons, and by 2020, this number is expected to surge to about 248,000 tons. The centralized "retirement" of used power batteries has brought a window of opportunity to the recycling industry.
However, it is not easy to realize this "benefit". Immature technology, non-standard processing, and inadequate supervision may erode development dividends. It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
"Scrap wave" brings opportunities for power battery recycling industry
The Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission announced that, in addition to retaining some non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transport capacity, all the city's franchised public transport vehicles have been fully electric. By 2020, Shenzhen will also achieve 100 percent electrification of taxis.
This is a microcosm of my country's move towards a big country in the production and sales of new energy vehicles. Since 2014, my country's new energy vehicle market has shown a rapid development trend. As of the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 1.53 million.
However, another fact worthy of attention is that the on-board power battery will usher in a centralized scrapping period in the next few years. "Our analysis believes that after 2018, the scale of domestic retired power batteries will increase rapidly." said Bai Min, an assistant researcher at the International Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Recikliranje otpadnih baterija od velikog je značaja: s jedne strane može poboljšati razinu recikliranja baterijskih sirovina, a s druge strane može izbjeći potencijalnu štetu koju otpadne baterije nanose ljudima i okolišu. .
A person in charge of a new energy vehicle manufacturing company told reporters that, unlike lead-acid batteries that contain heavy metals and are toxic and harmful in the past, lithium batteries commonly used in new energy vehicles are relatively less harmful to the environment. Copper, cobalt, lithium and other metals in batteries have higher economic value. Under the regulation of the market mechanism, waste power batteries will be favored by recycling companies. "Lithium batteries are full of treasures, and I'm not afraid that no one will handle them."
"Economic accounts" cannot be simply calculated, beware that industrial opportunities become social problems
——Immature industrialization technology squeezes profit space. Zhang Changling, a senior engineer at China Automotive Technology Research Center, believes that at present, key technologies such as power battery retirement judgment standards and detection technology, residual value evaluation technology of batteries that can be used in cascade, automatic dismantling of single battery and material sorting technology are not mature enough. Battery recycling companies still use manual dismantling or traditional recycling processes. According to estimates, a power battery recycling enterprise using traditional technology, recycling 1 ton of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery is not only unprofitable, but may lose money.
- Neispravno rukovanje litij baterijama može dovesti do eksplozije i onečišćenja. Zhang Zheming, pomoćnik istraživača na Shenzhen institutu za naprednu tehnologiju Kineske akademije znanosti, rekao je da su litijeve baterije relativno ekološki prihvatljive, ali to ne znači da neće uzrokovati štetu ljudskom tijelu i okolišu tijekom obrade. Kada se baterija u određenoj mjeri isprazni ili nakon sudara tijekom transporta, može doći do kratkog spoja koji može lako uzrokovati eksploziju baterije.
——The flow of some batteries lacks supervision, which can easily lead to "bad money drives out good money". Information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that since 2015, China Tower Corporation has built 57 decommissioned battery cascade utilization test sites in 9 provinces and cities including Heilongjiang and Tianjin. Various usage scenarios such as backup power, peak shaving and valley filling, and microgrid. However, Bai Min reminded that some used power batteries may also flow to informal recycling companies. Through simple dismantling, these companies resell some of the batteries to users in other fields, such as low-speed electric vehicles and electric toy manufacturers.
Imperativ je uspostaviti zreo i učinkovit sustav recikliranja
First, speed up the formulation of more detailed and detailed industry standards. On December 1, 2017, the "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Dismantling Specifications" was implemented, and another important standard "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Utilization Residual Energy Testing" was also implemented on February 1, 2018. However, some details still haunt related companies, and experts have called for more detailed standards. Research shows that, taking the transportation of used batteries as an example, if the transportation is carried out according to the standard of hazardous waste, it will not only take a long time for approval for inter-provincial transportation, but also require special vehicles for transportation, and the cost will increase exponentially.
Drugo, savez profesionalnih poduzeća za recikliranje preuzima vodstvo u daljnjoj integraciji mreže recikliranja. Recikliranje baterija uključuje višestruke veze kao što su potrošači, trgovci i automobilske tvrtke, a zahtijeva puno ljudskih i materijalnih resursa. Ako različite tvrtke uspostave vlastite sustave recikliranja, to će uzrokovati dupliciranje konstrukcije i utjecati na učinkovitost recikliranja. Stručnjaci kao što su Zhang Zheming i Bai Min sugerirali su da bi se, pod pretpostavkom da proizvođači preuzimaju proširene odgovornosti, uglavnom trebali oslanjati na profesionalna poduzeća za recikliranje i preradu otpadnih baterija, te uspostaviti nacionalnu jedinstvenu mrežu za recikliranje koju vode široko priznate udruge i savezi.
Treće, uspostaviti sustav sljedivosti koda baterije kako bi se ojačao nadzor kršenja. Ge Jianping, izvanredni profesor na Fakultetu za humanističke znanosti, ekonomiju i menadžment, Kinesko sveučilište geoznanosti (Peking) predložio je da se što prije uspostavi obvezni standard za kodiranje baterija za napajanje i uspostavi baza podataka o baterijama. Odjeli za industriju i informacijsku tehnologiju, industriju i trgovinu te zaštitu okoliša trebali bi formirati zajedničku nadzornu snagu i odlučno kazniti male radionice koje ilegalno recikliraju i odlažu akumulatore.
