10 puta veća gustoća energije od litijeve baterije? Porsche razvija silikonsku anodnu bateriju i planira je masovnu-proizvodnju u roku od 5 godina
Spain's "Public" daily website recently reported that battery production is an important source of carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of electric vehicles, accounting for 25 percent to 40 percent of total emissions. More and more manufacturers are working to reduce emissions in this area, but Porsche wants to go further. The company is developing a battery with better performance and a smaller carbon footprint. Is this a perfect battery?
Porsche će u sljedećih 10 godina uložiti oko milijardu eura u različite mjere dekarbonizacije, uključujući smanjenje emisije ugljičnog dioksida iz svojih tvornica za montažu, stoji u izvješću. Proizvodnja Porsche Taycana u Zuffenhausenu (u Stuttgartu, Njemačka) je ugljično neutralna od samog početka, ali izgradnja automobila je mnogo više od sastavljanja svih dijelova na proizvodnoj liniji.
Baterije su jedan od važnih izvora emisija u proizvodnji električnih vozila. Na ovoj poveznici, višestruki proizvodni koraci pretvaranja sirovina kao što su nikal i kobalt u rafinirane proizvode koji se mogu koristiti u baterijama troše ogromne količine energije.
In a recent press conference, Benjamin Pasenberg, head of high-voltage systems at Porsche, said: "Having green energy is very important, especially in battery production, where it takes a lot of energy to heat things." However, using only Green (or low-emissions) energy sources to make batteries are not enough for Porsche (or other manufacturers) to meet their emissions targets. There is also a need to reimagine the battery itself to reduce the pollution that arises from battery manufacturing practices.
U tu svrhu Porsche radi na novom akumulatoru. Kaže se da je baterija snažnija, brže se puni i ima manji ugljični otisak od trenutnih baterija. Korištena tehnologija je korištenje više silicija u anodi baterije, umjesto grafita koji se danas obično koristi.
According to Otmar Beecher, head of electric vehicles at Porsche, silicon anodes are 10 times more energy dense. Porsche expects 20 to 25 percent more watt-hours per liter of volume than today's conventional lithium-ion batteries. That is to say, under a certain energy capacity, the battery volume is smaller. The improved energy efficiency of batteries, in turn, means fewer batteries are needed to power the vehicle, which reduces overall weight (and also reduces the space required for the batteries).
Manja težina vozila znači i manju potrošnju baterije, no gdje je pozitivan utjecaj na okoliš? Prvo, dizajn ove nove ćelije smanjuje zahtjeve za materijalom za strukturu aluminijske ćelije (kućište) u usporedbi s dizajnom cilindričnih ćelija. Proizvodnja aluminija jedan je od važnih izvora emisije ugljika za automobile. Prema nedavnoj Volvovoj studiji, aluminij čini 30 posto emisija koje proizlaze iz proizvodnje modernih materijala za vozila, čak i više od same baterije. Stoga se smanjenjem korištenja aluminija smanjuje i veliki dio emisija. Iako nisu objavljeni nikakvi detalji, Porsche je rekao da će se baterija također brže puniti.
S druge strane, sadržaj kobalta u takvim baterijama bi se smanjio. Danas je poznato da je kobalt teško nabaviti, vrlo je skup i ima veliki utjecaj na okoliš. Kobalt trenutno čini 20 posto materijala za katodne baterije Taycan, a Porsche se nada da će njegova nova tehnologija smanjiti udio kobalta na samo 5 do 10 posto.
To further reduce emissions, Porsche will focus on the supply chain. The German company will source cobalt, nickel and other raw materials as much as possible from Europe, so that it will be closer to where the new batteries will be produced, near Porsche's research and development center in Weissach. According to the relevant person in charge of Porsche, purchasing cathode materials from Schwarzheide, Germany instead of my country can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 25 percent .
In addition, Porsche is pushing its suppliers to make batteries and other components entirely from renewable energy. The German carmaker said it would no longer consider long-term contracts with suppliers who were unwilling to use certified "green" energy. Porsche says the supply chain accounts for about 20 percent of the automaker's total greenhouse gas emissions. That will rise to around 40 percent by 2030 as production shifts to electric vehicles.
The big question is, when will we see this "ideal" Porsche battery in a road car? Like many other technologies in the automotive sector, it will be used first in racing cars, where high performance and fast charging capabilities are paramount. Otmar Beecher said: "Typically, we are 2 to 3 years away from the transition to production cars. So we will see it in production cars after 2025." Porsche expects to commercialize the high-performance battery within five years.
Što se tiče proizvodnje, cilj je postići minimalnu godišnju proizvodnju od 100 MWh, dovoljno za pogon oko 1,000 automobila. To nas navodi na uvjerenje da će u početku biti namijenjen samo nekom -proizvodnom modelu, možda nekom superautomobilu vrlo visokih{4}}izvedbi.
Of course, it's not a perfect battery. The perfect battery charges in seconds, doesn't overheat or lose capacity over time, and is lightweight and inexpensive to produce. We'll probably never see a battery with all these features in one, but in the short to medium term, Porsche's battery is getting pretty close to -- at least in theory -- the ideal battery. (compiled / Li Zijian)
